内卷
內卷Meanings
CC-CEDICT
- 1.(embryology) to involute; involution
- 2.(neologism, attested by 2017) (of a society) to become more and more of a rat race; to become increasingly competitive (due to limited resources)
CC-CEDICT · CC BY-SA
Wiktionary
- 1.to undergo involution: to stop developing or progressing despite intense inner competition
- 2.to be in a state of increased competition for limited resources, requiring great effort to stay ahead
- 3.to study harder or work longer as a result of intense competition among peers
Wiktionary · CC BY-SA
Etymology
Calque of English involution, from its Latin roots. This sense was coined in Agricultural Involution: The Processes of Ecological Change in Indonesia (1963) by Clifford Geertz, as an antonym of evolution, where Geertz observed Javanese and Balinese rice farmers failed to transit from labor-intensive farming to capital-intensive farming, but rather developing intensive competition that did not increase productivity.
Wiktionary · CC BY-SA
Stroke order
Components
Components from cjk-decomp · MIT
Characters
More examples & usage (AI)
Derived terms
Wiktionary · CC BY-SA